Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by the repeated backflow of stomach contents, including acid, into the esophagus. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. This reflux can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing, which can significantly impact the quality of life if left unchecked.
In some cases, GERD can also lead to more serious complications, such as esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and even Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition. Management of GERD typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and weight loss, along with medications to reduce stomach acid. In persistent cases, surgical options like fundoplication may be considered. Understanding GERD's triggers and symptoms is crucial for effective management and to prevent long-term health issues.